Zakaj vam avtomobilski ojačevalnik prazni baterijo in kako to popraviti?
Mnogi ljudje se pritožujejo, da jim je nizkotonec po namestitvi avtozvočnika izpraznil avtomobilski akumulator, toda ali je to težavo res povzročil globokotonec?
Opravil sem nekaj raziskav, da bi ugotovil, ali lahko avtomobilski ojačevalnik izprazni vašo baterijo, in rezultati so zelo zanimivi.
Torej, ali lahko ojačevalnik izprazni vašo baterijo? Preprost odgovor je pritrdilen, toda avtomobilski akumulator se lahko izprazni le, če pošlje več energije, kot je prejme nazaj od alternatorja. Z drugimi besedami, avtomobilski akumulator se izprazni, ko ni dovolj napolnjen, kar je pogosta težava pri uporabi močnih ojačevalcev. Poleg tega bo ojačevalnik izpraznil baterijo, ko je priključen neposredno na baterijo, brez daljinske žice, ki bi šla na stereo. V tem primeru bo ojačevalnik izpraznil akumulator avtomobila, tudi ko je motor ugasnjen.
Ugotovimo, kaj to pomeni in kako odpraviti to pogosto težavo.
Zakaj avto potrebuje akumulator?
Vloga akumulatorja v avtomobilu je zagon motorja, in ko motor ne teče, akumulator napaja elektriko AC, luči, radio in drugo opremo avtomobila.
Za razliko od mnogih misli, avtomobilski akumulator ne proizvaja energije, ampak shranjuje in oskrbuje električno opremo avtomobila z energijo, ki jo proizvede alternator. Alternator pri delujočem motorju oskrbuje avto s potrebno elektriko in hkrati polni akumulator.
Motorja preprosto ne morete zagnati brez akumulatorja. Lahko pa poskusite avto potisniti, da spelje s hriba, vendar morate za to imeti ročni menjalnik. Nastavite drugo prestavo in po nekaj metrih bo vaš avto deloval OK.
Toda vrnimo se k glavni temi tega članka in pogovoru o baterijah.
Kaj pomeni, ko je avtomobilski akumulator izpraznjen?
Ko poskušate zagnati motor in po obračanju ključa ne slišite ničesar ali sekundo ali manj slišite le šibek zvok zaganjalnika, je najverjetneje prazen akumulator. Lahko je tudi pokvarjen zaganjalnik, a v 99 % primerov, ko ne morete zagnati motorja, je razlog izpraznjen akumulator.
To se mi je zgodilo velikokrat, zlasti v 90-ih, ko sem vozil svoje prve avtomobile z rabljenimi akumulatorji, ohlapnimi jermeni alternatorja itd.
Motor se ne more zagnati, ker vaš akumulator nima dovolj energije za zagon zaganjalnika in obstaja več razlogov, zakaj je akumulator izpraznjen:
- Imate močan avdio sistem s standardnim alternatorjem ali pa je sam alternator poškodovan
- Avtomobilska oprema porabi preveč energije, ko motor ne deluje. Na primer, ko ste pustili luči čez noč ali ste dolgo poslušali glasbo
- Nivo vode v akumulatorju je prenizek ali pa so sponke akumulatorja zamazane
Ali je moj avtomobilski avdio sistem prezmogljiv za mojo baterijo?
Pogosto vprašanje je, ko se po vgradnji močnega ojačevalca začnejo pojavljati težave z baterijami. Zmogljivosti tovarniško vgrajenih baterij so prilagojene določenemu avtomobilu s standardno opremo. Z dodajanjem dodatnih ojačevalnikov povečate zahteve električnega sistema, odvisno od moči ojačevalnika.
Če želite izračunati natančno amperažo za vaš ojačevalnik, morate skupno RMS vašega ojačevalnika (ne na kanal) deliti s 13,8 V. Spodnja tabela prikazuje jakost toka za avtomobilske ojačevalnike. Za ta primer sem uporabil učinkovitost 70 %:
| RMS ojačevalnika (vati) | Potrebna jakost toka, če je bil ojačevalnik 100 % učinkovit | Potrebna dejanska jakost toka (pri 70-odstotni učinkovitosti) |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 7 | 10 |
| 200 | 14 | 21 |
| 400 | 29 | 41 |
| 600 | 43 | 62 |
| 800 | 58 | 83 |
| 1200 | 87 | 124 |
| 1600 | 116 | 166 |
| 2000 | 145 | 207 |
| 2400 | 174 | 248 |
| 2800 | 203 | 290 |
| 3200 | 232 | 331 |
| 3600 | 261 | 373 |
| 4000 | 290 | 414 |
The table shows how high amperage has to be supported by car alternators, in addition to the standard car equipment.
If your total amperage demand in a car exceeds what your alternator is capable of producing, even the most durable battery will be dead because it always has to support an alternator. In effect, it will never be charged unless you will turn a radio on, and power demand will drop.
When looking at the battery label, you will see two important symbols with numbers behind them. It is worth remembering what they mean.
- Ah – Ampere Hours , that means for how many hours, your battery can supply your car with 12V power. For example, battery Ah65 can continuously provide 1amp for 65 hours or 10amps for 6.5 hours until is fully discharged.
- CCA – Cold Cranking Amps mean how many amps your battery can deliver consistently for 30 seconds in temperature 0°F until voltage will drop below 7.2V.
The table below shows popular conversions between CCA and Ah and how powerful amplifiers you can connect to your battery without further modifications. Assuming that 40% of the battery amperage powers car equipment, and the remaining 60% you can use for car audio amplifier.
| Battery CCA | Battery Ah | Max amplifier RMS |
|---|---|---|
| 410 | 45 | 246 |
| 550 | 100 | 546 |
| 650 | 100 | 546 |
| 680 | 100 | 645 |
| 710 | 120 | 655 |
| 730 | 115 | 628 |
| 740 | 115 | 628 |
| 750 | 120 | 655 |
| 760 | 120 | 655 |
| 850 | 140 | 764 |
| 900 | 160 | 874 |
| 950 | 190 | 1037 |
From the above, you see how powerful amplifier you can install in your car, without facing any later issues with the battery being drained.
For example, when you have a car battery CCA710, you will be OK with a 650W amp, but for a 900W amplifier, this battery is a no-go.
If you listen to the music nonstop while driving, the battery will never be charged by the serial alternator, and it is a matter of time before it will eventually die.
Strong amplifiers do not only cause drained batteries but also you may notice dimming headlights or flickering dash lights. Also, it can happen that the amp will not receive full power, so your bass will be weak.
How to Keep an Amplifier from Draining Battery?
When you have a powerful amplifier, or more than one, and to make sure that your battery will never drain because of the car audio, you have to consider replacing an alternator with the powerful one. This way, you will be able to supply enough energy for your car’s audio system, and at the same time, your battery will always be charged.
A few months ago, I replaced in my wife’s car standard amplifier with Mechman 370A, and it works great. I have had no problem with batteries since then, and she is using a quite powerful Rockville RXH-F5 with 1600W RMS. (link to Amazon opens in the new window)
The new alternator cost me over $500, and yes, it is expensive but when I put this price against risking often battery replacement, and time for a regular charging battery at home, it balances out.
Typical alternators mounted in an average passenger car can produce between 80 – 120A depending on the model. This 80A will support around 660W RMS from the amplifier, and if you do not have more power, you do not need a stronger alternator.
But what will happen when you add a 2000W amplifier to your car for a subwoofer?
This is an additional over 100A, which a standard amplifier simply cannot produce. Many people went through this many times, and the effect was always the same.
A brand new battery was installed, and with a standard alternator after a few weeks or months, the battery was gone, and the process of regular daily recharging at home begins. This is not the way I want to go, I want to have in a car enough power to support my car audio.
When you listen to music mainly when the engine is on, adding a powerful alternator is the only solution to keep your battery in good condition and the whole system without energy shortage.
Before you start making electrical changes in your car, you need to know if this is really necessary, especially when your amplifier is not the most powerful, so its power consumption should be supported by standard car equipment. The best way to find out is to test both a battery and an alternator.
How to Test Battery And Alternator?
Testing the battery voltage and alternator charging quality is the best way to find out how healthy both are.
To perform the test, you need a voltmeter and no more than 5 minutes of your time, you will also need someone to start your engine while you make a test and the whole test can be done at home. I am using Crenova MS8233D digital meter and I am happy with it.
Before the test, make sure both battery terminals are clean and without corrosion. If you notice corrosion on the terminals, you need to clean them.
Take the leads off and clean using sandpaper, then when clean, put them back together. I use it for cleaning sandpaper grids 100 or 120 , and it works well. After that, spray both with a WD40 . This will prevent terminals from getting rusty.
Check alternator wires for any corrosion, if they sit well in the pockets. Also, check if the alternator belt is tight, and if it is not, this will cause a problem while charging a battery.
- Turn headlights on and run it for around 2 minutes
- Do not turn a radio on, or anything else in a car
- Set the voltmeter to value over 12V DC. Depending on the model, it can be 16 or 20V.
- Connect a red voltmeter wire with the positive battery terminal
- Connect a black voltmeter wire with the negative battery terminal (ground)
- Read the value on the voltmeter, for the good battery, you should see over 12.4V, in most cases closer to 13V.
- Do not unplug the voltmeter and start the engine, during start value on the voltmeter should drop to around 10V, and then jump right back to over 13V.
Test Results
When you start an engine and voltage drops below 10V, that means your battery is weak. And if drops below 6V, your battery is dead and needs to be replaced.
If your engine works and you see voltage always between 13.2V and 14.7V, that means the alternator is in good condition and is charging the battery. In this case, you have nothing to worry about, both parts are working great.
- The next step is to turn your electrical equipment on, lights, AC, fan, radio, The value on the voltmeter should drop to over 13V. If you see over 13V with your car audio on, your alternator and battery are in excellent condition.
But, if you see a voltage below 12.7V, that means an alternator does not produce enough power for the demanding equipment in your car and does not charge a battery at the same time. In this case, an alternator should be replaced.
Related Questions
Do I Need a Capacitor For My Car Audio?
Adding a capacitor helps to stabilize voltage in a car. This is especially important for powerful car audio systems, where together with loud bass , you notice dimming headlights. An amplifier and battery cannot handle such a spike in energy demand, so an external capacitor is needed.
In this article , you will find more information about car audio capacitors, which ones to use, and how to connect them.
Do I Need an Extra Battery For Car Audio?
Adding a second car battery works only when you listen to the music with the engine turned off. Extra battery , depending on the amplifier’s power consumption, can extend the listening time from a few minutes to another hour.
When the additional battery is connected in parallel between an original one and amplifier, the whole system works exactly like a standard battery but with extra capacity. To know more about additional batteries for car audio read this article .