Zakaj se penasti obročki avtomobilskih zvočnikov poškodujejo in kako jih popraviti?
Nedolgo nazaj, takoj po namestitvi novih zvočnikov na vratih v avto, sem moral enega odstraniti in popraviti penasti obroč.
Na srečo ni trajalo dolgo, preden je bil zvočnik popravljen in spet v avtu, in pomislil sem, da bi bilo dobro napisati članek o popravljanju okolice zvočnika.
Na splošno velja, da za popravilo manjših poškodb okoliškega obroča poškodovano mesto zapolnite z elastičnim silikonskim lepilom. Večje poškodbe in razpoke pokrijte s tankim obližem, da jim zagotovite dodatno trdnost. V primeru večjih poškodb ali strganih okoliških obročkov bo morda treba zamenjati cel obroček z novim.
V spodnjem članku vam bom pokazal, kako popraviti pokvarjen penasti obroč avtomobilskega zvočnika, da boste kasneje lahko dlje uživali v poslušanju svoje najljubše glasbe.
Kaj je obroč iz pene za zvočnik in kaj počne?
Penasti obroč je del vzmetenja zvočnika, ki deluje kot celoten paket s stožcem in pajkom. Obroba in pajek na dnu zvočnika ohranjata stožec v sredinskem položaju, ki zagotavlja prosto gibanje zvočne tuljave znotraj magnetne reže.
Glasovna tuljava se mora premikati samo v smeri navzgor in navzdol brez stranskih premikov, zato je ključnega pomena, da je stožec raven.
Poškodba okolice na eni strani, še posebej, če je večja kot le vbod, povzroči, da se stožec nekoliko zamakne proti močnejši strani. Ker zvočna tuljava v vašem zvočniku ni več vzporedna z notranjim delom magneta, se začne premikati z eno stranjo preblizu magneta in slišite brenčeč zvok.
Ta položaj lahko še bolj poškoduje zvočno tuljavo. V skrajnem primeru se lahko drgne po magnetu in se lahko popolnoma uniči. Ne pozabite tudi, da ne predvajajte zvočnikov s pokvarjenimi okvirji.
Okolica iz pene se razmeroma hitro obrabi, lahko traja nekaj let, odvisno od okolja v vašem avtomobilu, preden jo boste morda morali popraviti.
Kakovostnejši zvočniki uporabljajo obrobe iz gume ali vlaken, ki lahko zdržijo veliko dlje kot pena ali papir, vendar se lahko tudi mehansko poškodujejo.
Kako popraviti raztrgan okvir zvočnika?
Ne poškodujejo se samo membrane zvočnikov, pogosto se zgodi, da se zvočnik začne trgati, ali pa je kaj preluknjano skozi tanko gumo na robu.
Če se bo kaj od tega zgodilo, vam ni treba zapraviti denarja za nove zvočnike, podobno kot poškodovane stožce pa je okolico mogoče enostavno popraviti.
V resnici ni pomembno, iz katerega obroča so zvočniki poškodovani. Slišite lahko plapolanje, zlasti na nizkotonskih zvočnikih, ki imajo močne tresljaje. Že majhna ureznina ali vbod lahko dodatno poškoduje zvočnik, zato ga poskusite popraviti takoj, ko ga vidite.
Okvir zvočnika je mogoče popraviti v nekaj minutah, če je poškodba majhna, na primer, če vidite strgan rob ali luknjo skozi peno ali gumo. Za večje prekinitve boste morda morali zamenjati celoten okvir.
Spodaj boste našli vodnik po korakih za oba scenarija, pojdimo naprej in začnimo s preprostimi popravili.
Kako popraviti prostorski zvočnik?
Za popravilo poškodovane pene ali gumijastih obročkov zvočnika ne potrebujete nobenega posebnega orodja. Uporabite rezilni nož, skalpel ali škarje. Kot lepilo sem pred kratkim uporabil lepilo za popravilo zvočnikov Parts Express in tesnjenje je bilo odlično.
Če pa pride do predrtja ali večje razpoke, ste naredili še nekaj korakov za popravilo zvočnika.
Prvi korak pri popravilu obroča iz pene ali gume je čiščenje tega območja. Uporabljam standardni odstranjevalec laka za nohte, ki odlično čisti gumice in se peni.
Ko je pena čista na obeh straneh, obrnite zvočnik in pustite, da sedi na okolici. Ta položaj je odličen, ker teža zvočnika pomaga držati skupaj oba dela, ki ju želite zlepiti.
Če delate na večjem nizkotoncu, ki ima velike premike stožca, je dobro, da to področje prekrijete z dodatnim obližem. Za izdelavo le uporabite tanko peno in odrežite majhen kos, ki bo pokril škodo.
Vzemite malo silikona in pokrijte celotno poškodovano mesto, vendar ne nanesite preveč. Z lepilom premažite tudi obliž in ga prilepite na obroč.
Ne puščajte vrzeli na robovih in če jih opazite, dodajte še lepilo, da vrzel temeljito zapolnite. Zdaj ste končali na spodnji strani, zato obrnite zvočnik in ga položite na magnet.
Postopek ponovite na zgornji strani zvočnika. Luknjo ali razpoko zapolnite s tanko plastjo lepila in nato prilepite obliž na obroč.
Rahlo pritisnite na popravljeno mesto, lahko s prstom podrgnete po obližu.
Ko končate, pustite zvočnik čez noč na prezračevanem mestu, da se popolnoma posuši. Včasih lahko sušenje traja dlje, odvisno od uporabljenega lepila. V redkih primerih boste morda morali počakati 48 ur.
Kako zamenjati prostorski zvočnik?
Bolj zapletena je zamenjava celotnega diska, ki ga obdaja, vendar ne skrbite, tudi to je preprosto, če korakom sledite v pravilnem vrstnem redu.
1. Odrežite obroč z roba stožca. Pazite, da to storite previdno, da ne poškodujete stožca.
2. Odstranite peno z roba in očistite vse ostanke, kjer bo okolica zlepljena.
3. Vzemite nov okoliški obroč in prekrijte notranji del s plastjo lepila. Ne nanesite premalo lepila, saj mora biti povezava med stožcem in okolico trdna in v celoti zatesnjena. Prav tako ne lepite znotraj in zunaj prstana hkrati. S tem tvegate, da bo vaša glasovna tuljava izven središča, kar lahko uniči vaš zvočnik.
4. Obrnite okolico in prilepite lepljeno območje na rob stožca. Make sure the surrounding is centred over the cone. For better sticking to the cone, apply some pressure on the glued edges, you can gently tap it all around with a finger.
#5 . This step is the most important in the whole replacement. You will have to glue the ring to the speaker surrounding making sure that the cone is centred against the magnet.
The video below shows the great and fast way how to centre the voice coil and test a speaker at the same time.
Another way to centre the voice coil is to remove a dust cap and use shims. This method, however, may not work in all car speakers due to their size.
6. When the voice coil is centred, you can connect the foam ring to the speaker basket. Apply glue over the whole area and gently push a speaker ring down until it touches the basket. Rub fingers over the all surround, making sure it will stick to the basket with no gaps in between.
7. After gluing, it is good to keep both parts together. You can use plastic clips and leave the speaker overnight. The next day when the glue is dry, push a cone a few times down, and if you do not feel any rubbing, the speaker is ready to be installed in the car.
How to Protect Speaker Foam Ring From Damages?
For mechanical damages, try to cover speakers with grills, and if not possible, try not to place any heavy sharp object in front of the speakers.
To prevent tears on the foam or rubber rings, do not keep speakers in a high humid condensation. It may be difficult during rainy days, but when you often use AC in a car, the air should dry the speakers’ surface quickly.
Also, sunlight is a killer for soft foam. Especially, when you have speakers in the dashboard or in the rear deck, they are exposed to the sunlight for the whole day, and that does not increase their lifetime at all. Tinted windows may help but not on the dashboard.
To protect your surroundings from tearing too fast, you can cover them with lubricate, like INTERIOR RESTORER CREAM from ArmorAll.
The extra coating will prevent foam from drying too quickly and can add a few more years to your speakers’ lifetime. For the best effect, try to cover both sides of the surrounding.
It may not always be possible to access this area in the smallest speakers, but you can use thin ear sticks with a little cream at the end and rub it gently.
It is essential to check the speakers from time to time. If you notice any signs of damage to the surroundings, try to repair them as soon as you can. This way, you can prevent more complicated repairs in the future.
I am checking my speakers twice per year before and after winter, and so far, they are in good condition. I am going to keep it that way also for the new speakers.
Pogosta vprašanja
How to Fix a Torn Speaker Surround?
The most common type of damage to speaker surrounds is tearing. This can be caused by the speaker’s age, sun exposure, or simply when using the speaker too much.
There are two ways to fix this problem:you can either replace the surround or repair it.
If the tear is small, you may be able to repair it with glue. The best type of glue to use is a cyanoacrylate adhesive, also known as super glue.
This will bond the surround material with the speaker basket and the cone and make it strong enough to last for a long time.
If the tear is large, you will need to replace the surround. This is not a difficult task, but it does require some patience.
You will need to remove the old surround and install the new one. Make sure that you use the same type of glue that you used to repair the small tear.
How to Replace Speaker Surround?
Replacing the speaker surround is more complicated than repairing it because the cone will be free after removal.
Hence, keeping the cone in the speaker’s centre while installing a new surround is critical. Otherwise, the speaker will not work correctly.
1. Remove the old surround:Use a razor blade or sharp knife to cut around the edge of the old surround. Be careful not to damage the cone.
2. Install the new surround:Apply a thin layer of glue around the edge of the cone. Then, align the new surround with the edge of the cone and press it into place.
3. Let the glue dry:Once the glue has dried, your speaker will be as good as new!
4. Test the speaker:Make sure the speaker is working correctly before using it.
What Kind of Glue Is Used for Speaker Surrounds?
The best type of glue to use is a cyanoacrylate adhesive, also known as super glue.
This will bond the surrounding material together and make it strong enough to last for a long time. Super glue is also great because it dries quickly, so you won’t have to wait long for your speaker to be ready to use.
What Does It Mean Refoam a Speaker?
Refoaming speakers involve replacing the foam surround attached to the speaker cone.
The foam surround helps keep the cone in place and absorbs any vibrations. However, over time, the foam surround can degrade and cause the speaker to sound distorted, especially in the car speakers used in harsh conditions.
To keep the speaker in good condition, the surrounding should be replaced.
How Much Does It Cost to Have a Speaker Refoamed?
The cost of having a speaker refoamed will depend on the speaker itself and the surrounding type you use.
Generally speaking, it will cost between $40 and $100 per speaker, it is therefore not recommended for cheaper speakers.
How to Repair Torn Speaker Foam?
If your speaker foam is torn in a large area, then it needs to be replaced.
You can replace the foam yourself, but it is best to leave it to a professional, especially when you do not have experience with repairing speakers.
How to Repair Subwoofer Foam Surround?
Repairing foam surround on a subwoofer is not much different from fixing a speaker’s surround, but the materials used have to be much stronger.
To repair the subwoofer’s foam surround, follow the steps below:
1. Remove the subwoofer from the enclosure. This will give you better access to the foam surround.
2. Use a sharp knife to trim away any loose or damaged bits of foam surround.
3. Apply a generous amount of glue to the new foam surround.
4. Place the new foam surround onto the subwoofer cone.
#5. Use a clamp or heavy object to hold the new foam surround in place while the glue dries.
6. Once the glue has dried, reassemble the subwoofer and place it back into the enclosure.
The above steps work in case of minor damages, but when the subwoofer’s surrounding is bad over a larger than two inches area, the subwoofer’s surrounding has to be replaced.
Can I Replace the Foam Surrounding With a Rubber?
Many people prefer to replace the foam surround with a rubber surround. This is because rubber surrounds last longer than foam, producing a better bass response.