Vodnik o tem, kako si zvočniki delijo moč
Zvočniki morajo zagotavljati odličen zvok. Zaradi tega se nekateri ljudje odločijo povezati dva zvočnika skupaj. Toda za to je ključno razumeti, kako si dva zvočnika delita moč.
Zvočniki lahko delijo moč, če so pravilno povezani. Pri zaporedni povezavi se upor sešteje (2 x 4 ohmska zvočnika =8 ohmov). Pri vzporedni povezavi se upor zmanjša (2 x 4 ohmska zvočnika =2 ohma).
Če želite povezati več zvočnikov skupaj, morate razumeti, kako delijo moč. Prav tako je ključnega pomena, da poznate determinante moči zvočnika, da ugotovite, ali sta dva zvočnika združljiva.
Preberite tudi:Ali zvočniki za prostorski zvok potrebujejo napajanje?
Kako si zvočniki delijo moč
Večino časa želijo ljudje povezati svoje ojačevalnike in zvočnike, da povečajo moč zvoka. Toda v nekaterih primerih povezava dveh zvočnikov zmanjša moč katerega koli od obeh. Da bi to preprečili, morate vedeti, kako zvočniki delijo moč.
Kako zvočniki delijo moč, ni preveč tehnično. Tukaj pravi Geoffrey Sean Petersen, električar in lastnik spletnega dnevnika Geoff the Grey Geek
Vendar velja omeniti, da povezava več zvočnikov skupaj ne podvoji njihove moči. Torej se lahko vprašate, zakaj sploh morate svojemu ojačevalniku dodati zvočnike. Glavni razlog za to je razširitev pokritosti zvočnika.
Ker zvočniki delijo moč glede na svojo impedanco, se morda sprašujete, kaj je impedanca. Za boljše razumevanje uporabimo analogijo.
Predstavljajte si zvočnike kot cevi, zvočni signal ali zvok, ki ga predvajate, pa je voda, ki teče v teh ceveh. Po drugi strani pa je vaš ojačevalnik črpalka.
Če je cev večja, bo voda lažje stekla po njej kot po manjših ceveh. Poleg tega lahko večje cevi prenesejo več vode, ki teče skozi njih zaradi večje prostorninske zmogljivosti.
Nižja kot je impedanca zvočnika, lažje lahko zvočni signal ali elektrika teče skozi njega. Na primer, videli boste ojačevalnike, ki lahko zagotovijo 100 vatov pri impedanci 8 ohmov. Druga možnost je, da nekateri ojačevalniki oddajajo 150 ali 200 vatov pri impedanci 4 ohmov.
Z uporabo te analogije lahko dva zvočnika povežete skupaj, čeprav imata različno impedanco. Vendar pa lahko povezava razširi pokritost zvočnikov le, če je ojačevalnik dovolj močan, da poveča dodatno moč. Razlog je v tem, da si bodo povezani zvočniki delili moč, ki jo zagotavlja ojačevalnik.
Poleg tega, ko zvok narašča ali pada, se spreminja tudi impedanca vašega zvočnika. Na primer, zvočniki, ki predvajajo pri 41 Hz, imajo lahko impedanco 10 ohmov.
Če veste, kako deluje impedanca zvočnikov, boste lahko izbrali zvočnike, ki jih želite povezati.
Kako si zvočniki z enako impedanco delijo moč
Recimo, da povežete dva ali več zvočnikov z enako impedanco. V tem primeru je končna impedanca impedanca enega zvočnika, deljena s številom priključenih zvočnikov. Torej, če povežete štiri zvočnike vzporedno z impedanco 8 ohmov, bi bila skupna impedanca 2 ohma.
Druga možnost je, da dva zvočnika povežete v vrsto žic. V tem primeru se skupna impedanca doda. Če na primer povežete dva 16-ohmska zvočnika z enim 8-ohmskim zvočnikom, bo skupna impedanca v seriji 40 ohmov.
Če pa bi iste zvočnike povezal vzporedno, bi jih bilo bistveno manj. Ne pozabite, da če imamo dva zvočnika z enako impedanco, delita impedanco na polovico (s številom zvočnikov) glede na ocene posameznega zvočnika.
Ali lahko povežete zvočnike z različno impedanco?
Zvočnike z različno impedanco lahko povežete skupaj. Vendar je postopek nekoliko bolj zapleten kot povezovanje zvočnikov z isto impedanco.
Pred vsem drugim morate preveriti svoj sprejemnik ali ojačevalnik in poiskati minimalno oceno impedance, ki jo zahteva. Vaš ojačevalnik ima na primer moč 100 vatov pri najmanj 4 ohmih.
Zdaj pa vzemite, da imate dva para zvočnikov s 4 oziroma 8 ohmi. Dodajte vsoto skupne impedance za vsak par, ki je v tem primeru 4 ohme + 4 ohme in 8 ohme + 8 ohmov.
Ko dobite vsoto sistema A in sistema B, ju pomnožite (128 ohmov). Zmnožek dveh impedanc se nato deli s skupno impedanco obeh sistemov zvočnikov, ki je 24 ohmov.
Torej je 128 ohmov deljeno s 24 ohmi 5,33 ohmov. To je v ustreznem območju najmanjše vrednosti 4 ohmov vašega ojačevalnika. To pomeni, da lahko varno povežete komplet zvočnikov, ne da bi se poškodovali.
Povezovanje več zvočnikov v serijsko ožičenje
Ko nameravate ožičiti zvočnike z več zvočnimi tuljavami, je bistveno, da dobro poznate postopek serijskega ožičenja.
Zaporedno lahko povežete zvočne tuljave ali več zvočnikov. Če želite izvesti ta postopek, morate pozitivno povezavo prve glasovne tuljave povezati s pozitivno povezavo ojačevalnika. Nato pritrdite negativno zvočno tuljavo, povezano s pozitivno povezavo druge zvočne tuljave.
If there are only two voice coils that you need to wire in series, the second voice coil’s negative connection will need to connect to the negative connection of the amp.
On the other hand, if you have multiple voice coils, you need to repeat the above-mentioned process for every additional voice coil.
Connecting Speaker Voice Coils in Parallel Wiring
Parallel wiring is much simpler than series wiring. In parallel wiring, you only need to wire all the speaker’s positive voice coils to the positive terminal of the amplifier.
Similarly, the negative voice coil connection attaches to the negative amp terminal.
Connecting Speakers Using Series-Parallel Wiring
Often, you will need to use a combination of series and parallel wiring so that you can get your desired impedance. For this method to be more accessible, it is ideal to use an even number of voice coils with the same impedance.
If you have single voice coil speakers, you need to use a minimum of four speakers with the same impedance. After the series-parallel wiring process, the resulting impedance will be the same as the impedance of one speaker.
To complete the series-parallel wiring, you need to series wire two sets of speakers. Next, the second set should be wired in parallel with the other group of speakers.
On the other hand, you need to decide how you will wire the coils on each speaker, either series or parallel, if you have multiple dual voice coils speakers.
You will then take the final impedance of the speaker’s two coils and use the other method that you have not used yet. This way, you will be able to compute the final impedance to the amplifier.
What Determines the Power of a Speaker?
A speaker’s power rating is a crucial consideration for people planning to buy a pair of speakers and connect them together. Usually, you will see the power rating listed with all the other features of the speakers. But sometimes, they are not easy to understand.
However, the problem is that power rating is something that many people misunderstand. That can be an issue, especially if you are trying to connect multiple speakers to create a sound system.
Before anything, you mustn’t get confused between the amplifier and speaker power specifications. Remember that the speaker does not work to generate power. Such is something that the amp does.
Hence, the power rating you see for speakers, measured in watts, refers to the power that the speaker can safely receive from the amplifier.
If a speaker receives more power than it safely can, it will distort and overheat. Such may lead to permanent damage to the speaker.
On the other hand, if the amp supplies power within the speaker’s capabilities, you can ensure that it will not render the speaker damaged.
To simply put it, a speaker’s power rating, known as wattage rating, is the measured limit of electricity a speaker can handle before it burns out. The measurement for this power specification is watts.
Additionally, you can calculate it as a continuous, root mean square (RMS) or peak value.
Minimum and Maximum Power Ratings of Speakers
Looking at the specifications of a speaker, you may find a minimum value for the power listed on it. If you see a minimum figure, the most minor power level is required to drive the speaker to make an audio signal.
However, your amplifier also needs to deliver this power level for the speaker to work.
On the other hand, the maximum figure you will see on a speaker’s specifications is the highest power level that it can handle before distorting. You need to make sure that you are not going over this limit.
However, it is worth noting that that the figures that you see listed in the specifications are pretty conservative.
In reality, you can exceed a little more than the maximum power of your speaker. But you can only exceed the limit for short periods to ensure that you will not damage the speakers.
Reverse Wiring:Common Mistake When Connecting Speakers
One of the most common mistakes when connecting speakers is reversing speaker wires. Of course, the best thing to do is to wire the speakers correctly.
However, the effects of incorrect wiring differ depending on the situation.
In some cases, miss-wiring is unnoticeable. On the other hand, it may cause severe problems in other cases.
Accidental reversal of your speaker wires can occur when the wires are not labeled correctly for polarity. Such an issue results in making the speaker out of phase. It will also cause audio oddities.
This common mistake is not dangerous to your speaker or amplifier. However, the proper delivery of power and speaker response will not be possible if you mistakenly reverse speaker wires.
Below are the problems that can occur as a result of reverse wiring:
- No bass
Bass’s response is one of the primary things that suffer due to reversed polarity. Speakers form bass tones by putting pressure on the air in the space that surrounds the speaker.
If the signal is out of phase, the bass speaker will move in when it should move out.
As a result, drum notes will become inaudible, causing the music to lose impact.
- Unclear Treble
Incorrectly wired speakers cause high frequencies to lose their focus. It causes airy treble, which makes the audio sound larger but less defined between each speaker.
Some people want this effect. However, it is still inaccurate in audio production. The reason is that it will affect all the drivers. For this reason, Techwalla noted that “this brand of high-frequency response also comes with a poor imaging and thin bass penalty.”
Notably, Techwalla is one of the reputable online sources of technical information for homes.
Poor Imaging
Imaging happens when two speakers project an audible representation of different instruments in the audio.
If the speakers are incorrectly wired, the sound of instruments becomes out of focus. In addition, the sound becomes sonically disorganized.
Such is especially true since miss-wiring affects the other drivers in the speakers.
Additionally, you can find mid-range frequencies in the bass and tweeter drivers. If the wirings are revered, it causes a collapse in the dynamic stereo information. For this reason, music will lose most of its impact.
Sources
- Geoffrey Sean Petersen, How Multiple Speakers Share Power, https://geoffthegreygeek.com/multiple-speakers-share-power/
- Brent Butterworth, What Speaker Impedance Means and Why It Matters, Lifewire, https://www.lifewire.com/speaker-impedance-3134705/
- How to Power Two Speakers with a One Channel Amp, WikiHow, https://www.wikihow.com/Power-Two-Speakers-with-a-One-Channel-Amp/
- James Clark, How to Mix Different Ohm Speakers, Hunker, https://www.hunker.com/12475102/how-to-mix-different-ohm-speakers/
- Series, Parallel, and Series-Parallel Speaker Wiring, Kicker, https://www.kicker.com/app/misc/support/tech/tech_papers/docs/SeriesAndParallelSpeakerWiring.pdf/
- Understanding Speaker Power Rating Specifications, The Home Cinema Guide, https://www.the-home-cinema-guide.com/speaker-power-rating.html/
- David Lipscomb, What Happens If I Reverse My Speaker Wires?, https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-happens-if-i-reverse-my-speaker-wires/