11 nasvetov, ki jih morate vedeti za gradnjo energetsko učinkovitega doma
Pravilno načrtovanje veliko pripomore. Enako velja, ko gradite nov dom, ki temelji na načelih varčevanja z energijo. Energetsko učinkoviti domovi ne pomagajo le pri varčevanju z energijo, ampak tudi dolgoročno prihranijo denar. Poleg tega postane vaš dom bolj vzdržljiv in udoben.
Sčasoma stroški energije naraščajo in bodo še naraščali, zato je varčevanje z energijo nujno. Energetsko učinkovite prenove ali zasnove domov ne pomagajo samo pri varčevanju z energijo, ampak vam tudi pomagajo zmanjšati vaš ogljični odtis z uporabo okolju prijaznih možnosti.
Z integriranim načrtovanjem in upoštevanjem proračuna obstaja več možnosti za zmanjšanje stroškov energije. Uprava za energetske informacije (EIA) navaja, da so domovi v Združenih državah v zadnjem desetletju postali bolj energetsko učinkoviti. Običajno se gorivo in elektrika pretvorita v toploto, svetlobo in druge oblike, ki jih je mogoče uporabiti v domu. Pameten dom lahko bolje izkoristi te vire in ima estetski element, ki je videti dober tudi na oko. Več virov lahko bistveno izboljša energetsko učinkovitost v avtomatiziranih domovih.
Nasveti za oblikovanje doma za gradnjo energetsko učinkovitih domov:
Pri gradnji ali prenovi vašega doma morate želeti odpraviti tveganje morebitnih napak. Naslednje informacije vam bodo pomagale doseči pametno in energetsko učinkovito strukturo za vaš pametni, energetsko učinkovit dom.
- Vse o lokaciji
- Urejanje krajine in sence
- Prezračevalni sistemi
- Energetsko učinkoviti sistemi HVAC
- Energijsko varčne naprave
- Ovoj zgradbe
- Zasnova za varčevanje z vodo
- Strešni materiali
- Razsvetljava
- Go Solar
- Sistemi za ogrevanje vode
1. Vse o lokaciji
Med gradnjo energetsko učinkovitega doma , lokacija, oblika in gradbeni materiali so glavni vidiki, ki bodo pomembno vplivali na zahteve ogrevanja in hlajenja. Največji izkoristek pasivnega pridobivanja sončne energije pozimi in zmanjšanje pridobivanja toplote poleti je idealen scenarij. Doseže se z optimizacijo lokacije, orientacije in krajinskega oblikovanja doma.
Orientacija doma določa, koliko sonca bo vaša hiša deležna. To neposredno vpliva na temperaturo vašega doma.
Oblikujte dom tako, da boste izkoristili različne sončne kote. Opoldansko sonce je pozimi pod nizkim kotom, poleti pa pod visokim. Na podlagi tega postavite svoj dom tako, da zmanjšate stroške ogrevanja in hlajenja. Hiše, ki se nahajajo na južni strani ulice, ki gleda proti severu, dobijo veliko sončne svetlobe na zadnji strani hiše. Hiše na severni strani dobijo senco poleti popoldne na svojih dvoriščih. Podobno, če živite v hladnejšem podnebju, bi želeli izbrati lokacijo oken, da bodo lahko absorbirala največjo količino sončne svetlobe. Hiše, obrnjene proti jugu, pozimi zajemajo sončno svetlobo, medtem ko jo poleti blokirajo.
Takšne strategije lahko naredijo veliko razliko in lahko boste uživali v poletjih, ne da bi se vaša hiša pregrela. Na primer, če je stavba zgrajena tako, da ni izpostavljena soncu, so stene izolirane ali so stekla zasenčena, potem je sončni dobiček minimalen. Potreba po hlajenju se bo na koncu zmanjšala, kar bi vam pomagalo pri varčevanju z energijo. Toda kompromis je manjši sončni dobiček pozimi; če pa živite na območju s kratkimi zimami, potem je to idealno za vas.
2. Urejanje krajine in senca
Urejanje krajine z uporabo senčnih elementov lahko pomaga preprečiti, da bi vaša hiša absorbirala odvečno toploto, pravzaprav pomagajo znižati temperaturo do 6 stopinj. Za senco v vašem domu lahko uporabite drevesa s krošnjami, kot sta Yellow Buckeye in London Planetree. Če želite preprečiti poletno vročino in prepustiti sončno svetlobo pozimi, posezite po listavcih. Odlične so za obe sezoni, saj cvetijo spomladi/poleti, pozimi pa izgubijo liste. Če želite zagotoviti neprekinjeno senco in zaščititi pred močnimi vetrovi, posezite po gostih drevesih in grmovju.
Pomembna je tudi lokacija sajenja. Če posadite drevesa na vzhodni, južni in zahodni strani, bo vaša hiša ostala hladna v obdobjih ekstremne vročine. Vzhodna drevesa mečejo sence na vaš dom v jutranjem soncu. Južna drevesa mečejo sence na vašo hišo sredi jutra in zgodaj popoldne. Drevesa, posajena na zahodu, mečejo sence, da blokirajo popoldansko sonce, ko je temperatura ekstremna, zaradi česar najbolj vplivajo na zmanjšanje vaših računov za energijo.
3. Prezračevalni sistemi
Dobro zasnovan prezračevalni sistem za energetsko učinkovito hišo ne zagotavlja le udobja, ampak tudi pomaga pri varčevanju z energijo, saj preprečuje prekomerno uporabo električnih naprav, ki se uporabljajo za ogrevanje in hlajenje. Poleg tega prezračevanje doma tudi filtrira onesnažen zrak. Najenostavnejša oblika prezračevalnih sistemov so okna in mehanski sistemi z ventilatorji, ki poskrbijo, da je notranjost prijetna. Zasnova vašega doma mora zagotavljati zdravo in naravno prezračevanje.
Prezračevalni sistem je sestavni del zasnove vaše energetsko učinkovite hiše, saj prenaša zrak in vlago čez pregrado ovoja stavbe, včasih pa prenaša tudi toploto. Dobro premišljen prezračevalni sistem lahko znatno zmanjša vašo skupno porabo energije in pomaga narediti vaš dom energetsko učinkovitejši.
4. Energetsko učinkoviti sistemi HVAC
Ministrstvo za energijo ZDA ocenjuje, da gretje in hlajenje predstavljata 48 % porabe energije v povprečnem ameriškem domu. Ta raziskava kaže, da so HVAC sistemi med največjimi porabniki energije. Namestitev učinkovitega sistema HVAC vam bo prihranila energijo – zmanjšali boste račune za elektriko.
Varčevanje z energijo je ena od skrbi uporabnikov in Ministrstvo za energijo dokazuje, da lahko toplotne črpalke zmanjšajo porabo električne energije za ogrevanje za 50 % v primerjavi s pečmi, grelniki na ploščah itd. Odločite se za energetsko najučinkovitejšo hladilno enoto za vašo domov. Verify energy efficiency ratios and look out for SEER ratings and smart functionalities that can help increase your savings.
5. Energy Saving Devices
With the progress and advancement in technology, the selection of relevant smart devices can help you in saving and optimizing your home energy. Such devices use minimum energy to function as compared to regular appliances, thus further reducing your electricity bills. An energy-efficient home needs to be smart to give a good return on investment and save money in the longer run.
You can utilize smart AC controllers, smart thermostats, smart bulbs, smart blinds, kitchen appliances, etc., to equip your smart home. Taking the example of smart AC controllers, they function by regulating your air conditioner usage according to your usage habits throughout the day helping you save 25% on your cooling and heating bills. They can also be coupled with other smart home climate control appliances connected with Alexa or Google Home for further benefits.
6. Lighting Fixtures
Every building/home uses an interior and exterior lighting system, which might consume a lot of energy depending on the type of lighting fixtures or bulbs used. According to research by the U.S Energy Information Administration, light accounts for 14% of the electrical budget for an average home in the United States. Thus, it is advised to use fluorescent bulbs and LEDs because they generate less heat and more light, ultimately helping you save energy. LEDs provide good returns on investment and can fit in most of the light fittings.
Apart from LEDs and bulbs, the building’s windows can be designed so that natural light can reduce the need for artificial light during the day. Moreover, aluminum-clad wood can be used for window frames since these windows provide better insulation making your home energy efficient.
7. Building Envelope
You protect your smartphone from scratches by using a glass protector or an external cover, right? Similarly, a building envelope serves as a protector or covering for a house. The outer structure of the building is called the building envelope, and it is one of the necessary energy systems. It works as a shield between the inside and outside environment, protecting the house from the air, moisture, and generally harsh weather conditions.
Considering the type of insulation used, the building envelope maintains the interior temperature at any level that you desire. It can keep your home warm during winters and cool during summers. It is essential to consider an energy-efficient home design.
Body envelope includes insulation which can be very beneficial for energy saving. It lowers the load on the house’s heating and cooling system and makes your home more energy-efficient. It maintains the desired temperature at home and absorbs moisture, and saves your walls from being damaged.
8. Design for Water Conservation
An increasing number of energy-efficient houses are incorporating water-saving systems. For instance, homeowners are going for greywater recycling systems. Greywater is the waste water from showers, sinks, laundry tubs, and washing machines. You can have a diversion system installed that carries the greywater from your washing machine to your bathroom or your garden.
This system can decrease your water usage by about 50%, helping reduce your water bills.
Moreover, you can also save water during the shower and washing dishes by incorporating new technology in your house. New low-flow water fixtures in the kitchen and showers reduce the amount of water coming out of them but distribute it more evenly.
9. Roofing Materials
The roofing material is another important consideration when building an energy-efficient home. The material used for the roof of your house can absorb less heat by deflecting the sunlight, thus maintaining a constant temperature of your home. The choice of roofing materials makes a difference in overall energy efficiency. The materials used to build the roof help you with energy conservation, decrease air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, and keep your home cool without air conditioning.
Initially, the selection of a roof could be expensive, but in the long run, it pays back and reduces your bill by regulating the temperature of your home during summers.
10. Go Solar
According to the latest U.S. residential solar market report, the residential solar market in the U.S reached a record high in the third quarter of 2019 with 712 megawatts of solar panels installed. Solar Panels can help build energy-efficient homes. If your area is exposed to the sun throughout the year, then solar panels will surely reduce your electricity bills. These panels don’t require extensive maintenance, so it’s a one-time investment that saves you from a lot of hassle and makes you self-sufficient.
Solar panels are an environmentally friendly option since solar energy is converted into electrical energy, reducing harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Once you have installed solar panels, you can use the energy for a host of different uses, such as a solar heater for heating water, bulbs, and practically any home appliance.
11. Water Heating Systems
The home water heating system consumes a huge amount of electricity. There are multiple ways the water heating system can be improved, and the user can save energy. One of the methods is to insulate the tank of the water heater to retain heat. It lets your water heater remain idle without the water losing much heat. Another option is to use solar water heaters, an eco-friendly option and help with energy-saving.
Choosing a water heating system could be a tough decision, though. Learn more about the types of solar water heaters and how to choose the water heating system when building an energy-efficient home.
Along with these tricks, the user should take care of the electricity being overused. Make sure your lights, HVAC system, or home appliances are turned off while you are away. Moreover, energy-efficient home plans have proven to be effective and help the user to save energy. It does not only let the user conserve energy but also helps to decrease the carbon footprint.
Energy-efficient house plans might be expensive at the start but can prove to be incredibly beneficial in the longer term, thus letting you save money as well as energy.