Kako izbrati najboljši nizkotonec za vaš avto?
Izbira pravega globokotonca za vaš avto se lahko zdi zastrašujoča, vendar ni nujno! Z nekaj raziskavami in koristnimi nasveti lahko najdete popoln nizkotonec, s katerim se bo vaš avto stresel.
Toda kako izbrati najboljšo podmornico za vašo vožnjo z vsemi različnimi možnostmi na trgu? Ugotovimo.
Če želite izbrati najboljši avtomobilski nizkotonec, preverite njegovo velikost, ceno, moč (RMS) in občutljivost. Nenehna moč (RMS) je najpomembnejši dejavnik, da nizkotonec ustvari močan in globok bas za vsak avto. Če prostor v vozilu dopušča, izberite 12" ali 15" vgrajeno v določeno škatlo.
V spodnjem članku bom podrobneje razložil različne vrste globokotonskih zvočnikov in kako izbrati pravega za vaš avto.
Kaj iskati pri nizkotonskem zvočniku?
Pri izbiri nizkotonskega zvočnika morate upoštevati štiri glavne dejavnike:
Št. 1. Upravljanje moči (RMS)
To je najpomembnejši dejavnik, ki ga morate upoštevati pri izbiri globokotonca.
Višja kot je RMS moč, močnejši je globokotonec. Če kupujete nov nizkotonec, bi vam morali vgrajeni avtomobilski zvočniki približno povedati, koliko moči potrebujete, kar pomeni, da bi moral imeti sam globokotonec enako ali večjo RMS kot vsi drugi nameščeni zvočniki.
Na primer, če imate dva 100-vatna zvočnika, boste potrebovali globokotonec z vsaj 200-vatnimi RMS. Največja moč je sekundarni parameter, vendar večja kot je razlika med RMS ocenami in največjo močjo, tem bolje.
Št. 2. Velikost
Velikost globokotonca bo določila, koliko prostora bo zavzel v vašem avtomobilu. Če imate manjši avto, boste morda želeli izbrati manjši globokotonec, da ne bo zavzel preveč prostora.
Po drugi strani pa, če imate dovolj prostora in želite soliden gromek bas, izberite večji 12-palčni ali 15-palčni nizkotonec.
#3. Občutljivost
Občutljivost meri, koliko nizkih tonov lahko proizvede nizkotonec z določeno močjo na določeni razdalji.
Enako kot pri standardnih zvočnikih bo nizkotonec z občutljivostjo 88 dB dvakrat glasnejši od tistega z 85 dB. Če želite bas slišati na večji razdalji od avtomobila, izberite sub z višjo občutljivostjo vsaj 87 dB.
Višja občutljivost pomeni tudi, da potrebujete manj moči ojačevalnika, da zagotovite enak SPL kot pri nižji stopnji občutljivosti.
#4. Cena
Cena globokotonskih zvočnikov se lahko giblje od približno 50 $ do več kot 1000 $. Stroški bodo odvisni od zgoraj omenjenih dejavnikov ter znamke in kakovosti globokotonca.
Če imate omejen proračun, boste morda želeli izbrati cenejši nizkotonec, da vam ne bo treba zapraviti preveč denarja. Vendar ne pozabite, da običajno dobite tisto, za kar plačate, in cenejši nizkotonec morda ne bo tako kakovosten kot dražji.
Kakšno velikost globokotonca potrebujem za svoj avto?
Velikost globokotonca ni odvisna samo od akustičnega prostora v avtomobilu, ampak tudi od ojačevalnika, žic in seveda od učinka nizkih tonov, ki ga želite doseči.
Izbirate lahko med 6,5" do 18", odvisno od nastavitve zvoka in vašega cilja.
6,5″, 8″
Ker je prostor omejen, boste morda morali poiskati manjše podvodnike, bodisi 8" ali 6,5". Ti so cenejši in morda edina možnost, da dobite želeni bas, ne da bi pri tem porabili preveč prostora v prtljažniku.
Če izberete manjši substrat, bodite pozorni na ravnanje z močjo in se prepričajte, da lahko prenese moč, ki jo lahko oddaja vaš ojačevalnik.
Manjši nizkotonci nimajo visokofrekvenčnega odziva, vendar lahko še vedno zvenijo dobro, kot Skar EVL-65 .
10″
Manjši nizkotonci pa vam dajejo več svobode pri izbiri pravega mesta zanje. Poleg tega so v večini primerov cenejši in za učinkovito predvajanje ne potrebujejo "elektrarne".
Zlata sredina je lahko 12″ globokotonec. Vendar pa je težavno to, da so 12-palčni nizkotonci najbolj priljubljeni na trgu, tako da lahko izberete verjetno vse vrste zvočnikov, ki si jih omislite.
Pred nekaj leti sem bil nekoliko razočaran nad kakovostjo nizkih tonov svojega novega 12″, ko sem ga primerjal s starejšim 10″ nizkotoncem.
Na srečo ni bila težava v samem zvočniku, ampak v njegovi moči. Potreboval je le dvakrat večji zunanji ojačevalnik od tistega, kar sem imel jaz, in zmanjšal sem frekvenco nizkopasovnega filtra.
Po teh spremembah je bil bas izjemen in igra še danes.
12″
Ko gre za 12-palčne nizkotonske zvočnike, imajo eno veliko prednost pred vsemi drugimi velikostmi.
So mešanica hitrosti 10″ in hkrati lahko proizvedejo globok, močan bas, kot je 15″. Ustvarijo lahko tudi fantastičen zvočni zračni tlak.
Da dosežete želeno in ne boste razočarani pri izbiri globokotonca za avto, morate imeti primerno ohišje, kakovosten ojačevalnik in vrhunske žice, vse to pa mora biti pravilno nastavljeno.
15"
Čeprav 15-palčni nizkotonci predvajajo najnižje tone, so včasih počasni in potrebujejo močne ojačevalce . Tudi ohišja za 15″ zvočnike v večini primerov ne sodijo v veliko avtomobilov, vendar je njihova prednost močan in globok bas.
Ko imate vso ustrezno opremo pravilno nastavljeno, ne potrebujete več kot enega nizkotonca in navdušeni boste nad 15″.
18″
18-palčni globokotonci so največji in lahko ustvarijo ogromen zvočni tlak.
Potrebujejo veliko moči ojačevalnika in veliko ohišje, a če imate vse to, lahko z enim 18-palčnim globokotoncem vaš avto zveni kot klub na kolesih.
To drži, še posebej v primeru pošasti, kot je Skar ZVX-18v2 , ki pri ožičenju z 1 ohmom ustvari izjemno visok zvočni tlak, a za to mora imeti veliko moči.
Različne vrste avtomobilskih nizkotonskih zvočnikov
Vrsta ohišja je odvisna od parametrov zvočnika, zasnove avtomobila in preferenc, ker vsaka vrsta proizvaja nekoliko drugačne zvoke.
Pri izbiri avtomobilskega nizkotonskega zvočnika boste našli tri priljubljene vrste basov, toda kakšne so razlike med njimi?
Zaprta ohišja
Zaprte škatle za nizkotonske zvočnike so odlične za majhne prostore in lahko proizvedejo natančne, visokokakovostne nizke tone, kot je ta majhen Kicker 43TCWRT84 s svojo kompaktno zasnovo.
Zahvaljujoč konstrukciji, ki naredi zvok močnejši, ne boste slišali nobenih "dodatnih" neželenih zvokov, kot je bas refleks.
Edini način za »nastavitev« zaprte škatle je, da spremenite njeno velikost za isti zvočnik, kar pomeni, da lahko manipulirate z odzivi istega zvočnika, potem ko ga postavite v različne škatle.
Osnovno pravilo za izbiro velikosti ohišja je, da bo bas zvočnik v manjši škatli predvajal višje frekvence, medtem ko bo isti zvočnik v večji škatli predvajal nekoliko nižje frekvence.
Zaprta ohišja so tudi varnejša za zvočnike, zlasti njihove zvočne tuljave. Ekstremni premiki stožca so bolj nadzorovani in omejeni s stisnjenim zrakom v škatli, ki deluje kot vzmet.
Zrak v zaprtem ohišju je bolj odporen, kar pomeni, da stožec nima veliko prostega gibanja.
Za popolno učinkovitost potrebujejo zaprte škatle več moči kot odprte konstrukcije. Na žalost ne more vsak ojačevalnik izpolniti te zahteve.
Druga prednost zapečatenih škatel je njihova preprosta zasnova in razmeroma nizki stroški.
Pri zaprtih ohišjih je priporočljivo, da jih napolnite z akustično peno, vendar boste ugotovili, da vsi proizvajalci svojih škatel ne zvočno izolirajo.
Morda se sprašujete, ali je zaprta ohišja treba napolniti.
Tehnično da, zaprta ohišja je treba napolniti z akustičnimi penami, ker akustični valovi ne marajo odbijanja od ravnih površin. Zaradi tega boste v mnogih škatlah brez zvočne izolacije našli zadnjo steno nagnjeno, vendar to ni dovolj.
Vredno je razmisliti o polnjenju globokotonca z akustično peno, če želite slišati najvišjo kakovost zvoka in ne le imeti glasen avto.
Ohišja za bas prenosnike
Pretvorna ohišja (prezračevalna ali bas-refleksna) imajo popolnoma drugačne lastnosti kot zaprte škatle.
Proizvajajo glasnejše, a veliko manj natančne nizke tone, tako da če želite biti izjemno glasni in videti, kako vrata v vašem avtomobilu ali streha vibrirajo, izberite ohišje za nizke tone.
Prednost priključnih ohišij je daljša življenjska doba gonilnikov zaradi boljšega prezračevanja.
Svež zrak, ki teče naprej in nazaj skozi kanal, hladi magnet, za katerega je manjša verjetnost, da se bo pregrel kot v zaprtih škatlah, kjer je tlak zvočnika višji, kar povečuje temperaturo zraka.
Portirana ohišja za bas so tudi večja; zaradi tega, kako se zvočni valovi premikajo znotraj škatel, so tudi globlje.
Zaradi svoje velikosti morda niso najboljša možnost za manjše prtljažnike s premalo prostora pred zvočnikom. V primeru majhnih športnih avtomobilov se škatle s priključki morda sploh ne prilegajo.
Postavitev prevelikega nizkotonca za prtljažnik je bila napaka, ki sem jo naredil pred mnogimi leti z enim svojih prvih nizkotoncev. Takrat nisem imel več pojma o izbiri globokotonca za avto in sem izbral nekaj prevelikega ...
Na avto se je pravilno namestil, vendar je bil prostor med stožcem in pokrovom prtljažnika komaj tri centimetre, tako da si lahko predstavljate, kaj se je zgodilo, ko sem glasnost dal višje. In na koncu je ropotal ves avto.
It took me a lot of time and effort to isolate the back of the car with anti-vibration foam, and still, I could not use its full power. Well, lesson learned…
These types of enclosures are straightforward to tune. However, they are more efficient when appropriately designed, meaning you will need a less powerful amplifier to achieve the same volume as the sealed boxes.
The port tuning is critical to maximizing the subwoofer’s output capability. In addition, ports allow subwoofers to reproduce the low frequencies commonly used in Rap and Hip Hop.
But what is the port tuning?
Port tuning is nothing else than designing the port (channel) inside the enclosure, allowing your subwoofer to strengthen specific frequencies.
For example, when you make your enclosure and want to achieve the strongest bass at 54Hz, you must calculate the port’s exact location and size.
Ports can have different shapes, from typical round plastic called bass-reflex to the form of triangular or square, and cannot be placed anywhere in the box.
Bandpass Subwoofer Enclosures
When choosing a car subwoofer, you will find the most complicated design in the bandpass enclosures. In simple words, I can say that they are a combination of both sealed and ported bass enclosures.
The bass from bandpass boxes significantly outperforms other types of enclosures, and it focuses on narrower low-frequency sounds. The best bandpass boxes I have found are from SKAR .
The frequency peak is usually set around 60Hz, which can be perfect for Rap music, but other music types like Pop or Rock will not benefit from this construction.
Although the most common 60Hz, you can fully customize the frequency peak when ordering a custom box, it is up to you in which area you want to make the “bass kick.”
However, you must remember that the bandpass enclosure should be designed as a part of the complete car audio system rather than a single box just added to any speakers in your car.
There are two types of bandpass boxes design:
- Single reflex, with the speaker placed in the sealed subwoofer box, but the front area looks like a vented box.
- Dual reflex, with one speaker, mounted in the middle of the big box with two ports. One in the front of the speaker and another at the back of the speaker.
The difference between these two types is not just the number of ports they have but also the size and type of bass they can produce.
The design of these most complicated boxes has to be perfect, meaning you have to consider the speaker type, size of the trunk, and acoustic in the car, to name a few.
Otherwise, you will not achieve more than a poor bass experience in the vehicle, even with the highest quality driver. Well, unless your only priority is to create thunders in the car, completely ignoring music quality.
Bass Tubes
Bass tubes are known for their narrow frequency response, which means they can be really large but not so efficient at the same time.
They can produce a loud “boomy” bass, but its quality is low. So if you are looking for a solution that will give you a high-quality clear bass, bass tubes are not the best choice.
They have, however, an advantage, and that is their cost. Tubes are cheaper than the typical bass enclosures; in most cases, they are active, so you do not need an amplifier.
They are straightforward to install and can be usable with a simple car sound system to increase overall dynamic, but something is missing, and this missing part is the quality of the bass.
If you want a simple boost to your car audio, Amazon has a wide selection of bass tubes .
What Is Free Air Subwoofer?
When your car has a small trunk, or you do not want to use the entire available space for the enclosure, you may choose a free air subwoofer.
The free air subwoofer is a speaker that does not require to be installed in the enclosure. Typically, free-air subwoofers are installed in the back seat or the rear deck.
Free air subwoofers work best in sedan cars and are a cheaper option than the subwoofers in the enclosure. Nevertheless, you will need to add a baffle to the rear deck or back seat, depending on the place you choose for the subwoofer.
Installing a baffle that will hold your subwoofer is mandatory because construction has to be stable. You cannot just bolt a 10″ powerful speaker to the plastic deck. It will simply not work.
There are hundreds of different models to choose from when talking about speakers, and the most challenging part is selecting the right one.
When choosing a free-air subwoofer, you need a powerful speaker with a firm suspension.
Remember also, when you install a free air subwoofer, the whole trunk needs to be correctly sealed because it will become a large enclosure.
If you want to achieve a clear quality bass, your car should not have free air movement between a trunk and a cabin.
Do I Need an Active or Passive Subwoofer for My Car?
Active Subwoofers
Active subwoofers (also known as powered subwoofers) have relatively simple built-in amplifiers. As a result, active subwoofers are usually less powerful and work in a narrower range of frequencies.
Still, they are smaller and cheaper than passive subwoofers, for which you need to purchase an amplifier and make more complicated wiring.
The two main types of active subwoofers:
- Under-seat subwoofer is a flat box with a speaker that will fit into a small space below your seat.
- Another type of active subwoofer is the spare wheel subwoofer designed to fit in an extra wheel space in your car.
Both types have a straightforward installation and do not require additional equipment. However, they usually do not produce a strong low bass.
Active subwoofers can be a good option as an addition to your factory audio system, without other modifications to your car audio.
Passive Subwoofers
Passive subwoofers (unpowered subwoofers) are either speakers installed in the enclosures or free air subwoofers that do not have amplifiers.
They offer much better quality sound, and you have a choice to combine many different amps with even more speakers to achieve your desired bass effect.
Is a Single Voice Coil or Dual Better?
The subwoofer with a dual voice coil offers more wiring options than an amplifier, thanks to possible multiple impedance options.
The number of voice coils does not make a woofer louder and does not affect the power or frequency response, however, it may require more power from the amplifier if you use a low impedance subwoofer.
With a single voice coil subwoofer, you have only one set of wiring terminals and one connection option.
Dual voice coil subwoofers are usually more expensive but offer more flexibility regarding wiring and more options with the amplifier selection. The amp can be either 2 or 4 ohms depending on the connection type.
How Many Subwoofers Do I Need in My Car?
When it comes to car subwoofers, not always more means better. You can achieve the same effect when choosing the right subwoofer as you would do with two drivers.
If you decide to install two subwoofers, remember that they have to be the same. Otherwise, they can fight against each other, which is the last thing you want to experience.
Many cars do not have trunks big enough for two subwoofers. Sometimes even dual enclosures are too big and will not play efficiently. It does not make much sense to spend hundreds of dollars on two subwoofers and, at the same time, not use their power.
A much better option is to get one, even when smaller, but build it into a perfectly calculated box and power it up with a high-quality amplifier. It will bring you real satisfaction.
For the smallest woofers, it is worth installing two or more. There are many pickup trucks with four or more small 6.5″ subs under the back seat in the dedicated enclosure, so the number of drivers depends on the space and personal preferences.
What Is the Best Subwoofer for Small Car?
If you have a smaller car, choosing a smaller subwoofer might be a good and, in many cases, the only idea.
A 10-inch subwoofer might be too big and will not fit into a smaller car. A good option would be an 8-inch subwoofer or a 6.5-inch subwoofer placed in a single box.
Such designs are not large and do not require a big powerful amplifier, and if your trunk space is really limited, you can use a flat active underseat subwoofer, for example, Boss BAB10 .
How to Break in a Car Subwoofer?
It is recommended to break in a brand new subwoofer, especially the high-end types.
When a woofer works at the beginning at a reasonable volume, all stiff elements will fit each other, especially cones with spiders and suspension.
You will not damage subwoofers without a break-in, but by doing so, they will have an extended lifetime, improving their bass.
The best way to break in the subwoofer is to use a frequency of about 30-60 Hz and set the volume so that you can hear it but not too loud. You should do it for at least 12 hours with recommended up to 24 hours.
Zaključek
There is no easy answer to the question of how to choose the best subwoofer for your car. It all depends on many factors below:
- Type of your car and how much space it has for the subwoofers
- Where in the vehicle will a subwoofer be located
- Which music type do you listen to
- What kind of bass effect do you want to achieve?
- Do you need quality bass or just loud “booms?”
If you choose a smaller subwoofer, it will take up less space in your car and will not require a big and powerful amplifier. If you select a bigger subwoofer, it will need more space but will provide better deeper bass.