Kakšna je razlika med 2-ohmskimi in 4-ohmskimi avtomobilskimi zvočniki
Pri iskanju avtomobilskih zvočnikov je eden od parametrov, ki ga boste opazili, impedanca 2 ohmov ali 4 ohmov.
Toda kakšna je razlika med 2-ohmskimi in 4-ohmskimi zvočniki?
Glavna razlika med 2-ohmskimi in 4-ohmskimi avtomobilskimi zvočniki je količina energije, ki jo črpajo iz ojačevalnika. 2 ohmski zvočniki zahtevajo močnejši ojačevalnik kot 4 ohmski zvočniki. Zaradi tega 2-ohmski zvočniki predvajajo glasneje kot 4-ohmski zvočniki, vendar je zvok, ki ga proizvajajo, slabše kakovosti.
V spodnjem članku boste našli več informacij o tem, kako izbrati pravo impedanco za avtomobilske zvočnike in kako jih uskladiti z ojačevalniki.
Kaj je impedanca v avtomobilskih zvočnikih?
Impedanca je upor žice glasovne tuljave proti toku, ki teče iz ojačevalnika. Velika večina avtomobilskih zvočnikov je izdelanih z impedanco 2 ali 4 ohmov.
Čeprav lahko najdete izjeme, kot je Kicker CompRT 10″ nizkotonec z impedanco 1 ohm, bo zaradi nizke napetosti 12 V težko najti avtomobilske zvočnike ali ojačevalce nad 4 ohme.
Kicker CompRT 10″ je odlična izbira, ko iščete močne “kicke” in nimate veliko prostora za globok nizkotonec. Na voljo je na Amazonu in če želite preizkusiti njegovo resnično moč, kliknite to povezavo in preverite najnovejšo ceno.
Če na zvočniku vidite 4 ohme, to ne pomeni, da je njegova impedanca 4 ohme konstantna. V resnici se ta vrednost nenehno spreminja, ker je neposredno odvisna od trenutne frekvence zvočnika in je lahko nizka od 0,3 ohma ali visoka do 30 ohmov.
Impedanca bo višja za nižje frekvence, za višje pa nižja. To je eden od razlogov, zakaj so zvočne tuljave v visokotoncih tako majhne.
Če povzamemo, je4-ohmska vrednost na zvočniku "nazivna impedanca", ki predstavlja povprečje vseh impedanc zvočnik je zasnovan za delo.
Ker je impedanca zvočnika povezana z močjo, višja kot je impedanca, nižji tok bo tekel iz ojačevalnika. To pomeni, da bo ojačevalnik, ki deluje z zvočniki z višjo impedanco, manj obremenjen.
Na primer, 100 W 4-ohmski zvočnik bo črpal 100 W iz 4-ohmskega ojačevalnika, medtem ko bo 2-ohmski zvočnik prisilil isti ojačevalnik, da proizvede 200 W. Posledično lahko pride do preobremenitve ojačevalnika, kar lahko povzroči pregrevanje ojačevalnika ali njegove nadaljnje poškodbe.
Če želite izvedeti več o ojačevalnikih, ki se pregrevajo, sem o tem napisal kratek članek, zato preglejte .
Zvočniki z nizko impedanco lahko prisilijo ojačevalnike, da delajo preveč .
Posledično lahko pregori varovalka ali pa se aktivira zaščitno vezje in ojačevalnik se izklopi, da zaščiti druge dele avdio sistema. V skrajnih primerih lahko preobremenjeni ojačevalnik eksplodira.
Ko načrtujemo avtoavdio sistem, moramo impedanco zvočnikov uskladiti z ojačevalci. Toda zaradi številnih različnih vrst vgradnje v avtozvok ni vedno mogoče imeti vseh komponent enakih 2 ali 4 ohmov.
V nadaljevanju tega članka bomo šli skozi različne kombinacije impedance.
Zakaj imajo avtomobilski zvočniki različne ohme?
Pogosto se sprašujemo, zakaj imajo nekateri zvočniki 4 ohme, drugi pa 2 ohme. To je odvisno predvsem od zahtev zvočnikov glede kakovosti proizvedenega zvoka in učinkovitosti.
Edina konstanta v avtozvočnikih je napetost, moč in impedanca pa sta odvisni ena od druge. V primeru koaksialnih zvočnikov ali komponentnega sistema , avtoojačevalnik, ko je priključen na kretnico, prepozna impedance celotnega sklopa in ne posameznih zvočnikov, ki so v resnici lahko drugačni.
4-ohmski zvočniki bodo zahtevali manj toka iz ojačevalnika kot podoben 2-ohmski zvočnik . Hkrati višja impedanca pomeni manjše popačenje v ojačevalniku in stabilnejši tokovni tok, vendar lahko vedno več sodobnih ojačevalnikov ostane stabilnih, medtem ko zagotavlja veliko moči zvočnikom z nizko impedanco.
Glavna prednost manjše impedance je večja moč, ki prihaja iz ojačevalnika, kar je pomembno v hrupnem avtomobilu. Hrup ceste ali vetra je treba kompenzirati z boljšim delovanjem zvočnikov, in tu se bodo zvočniki z nizko impedanco bolje odrezali.
Ali lahko uporabim 2 ohmski ojačevalnik s 4 ohmskimi zvočniki ali obratno?
V večini primerov si moramo prizadevati, da se impedanca zvočnikov ujema z ojačevalci, tako da, ko imate 4-ohmski ojačevalnik, kupite vse zvočnike tudi s 4 ohmi. Ko pa ste zasnovali zvočni sistem s pravilno izračunanim vsem uporom, so te vrednosti lahko drugačne.
You can also connect 2-ohm speakers to a 4-ohm amplifier, but in order not to damage it, remember that 2-ohm speakers should have half of the amplifier’s RMS power. Otherwise, the amplifier will be overloaded with different impedance, and transistors can even blow.
For example, when you have a 2x120W amplifier working at 4 ohms, you can pair it with either 120W 4 ohm speakers, or 2x60W 2 ohm speakers . Both sets will drive the same current from the amplifier, but the 4-ohm speakers will make a better sound.
Can I MIX 2 Ohm and 4 Ohm Speakers?
Most cars have installed two pairs of speakers in front and at the back, but do they have the same impedance? The vast majority, yes.
When we install 4-ohm speakers, they can be from a different brand, have different sizes or power, and also impedance can be different. However, this is rare.
When you wire 4-ohm front speakers and 2 ohm rear speakers to the 4 channel amplifier, you have to be careful with the power level of these 2-ohm speakers to not overload transistors and not damage the amplifier.
Another point to consider is the volume level of these speakers. As we already said, 2-ohm speakers can play louder with the same power, so in our example, when mixing 4 ohm and 2-ohm speakers, you can hear too much from the back of the car.
If you want to have a different impedance in the front and the back of the car and one amplifier, make sure 4-ohm speakers have twice as much power as 2 ohms. In this case, you will ensure leveling out amplifier output to all channels.
It is much easier to manage different speakers’ impedance, when your amplifier is designed to support 2 and 4 ohms on different channels , then you have to match the power of speakers to the max amplifier output, and you will be okay.
Nevertheless, the best and safest way is to use all speakers in the car with the same (either) impedance. Your system will be stable, and you will not have to make too many adjustments to make it work.
How to Connect a 2 Ohm vs 4 Ohm Subwoofer?
Subwoofers are different, and when you see a typical car audio system, the speaker with a different (usually lower) impedance will be the subwoofer.
They can work with 4, 2, or even 1 ohm in some cases and also can have either one or two voice coils, so the number of variations in subwoofer connections is much higher than for the typical car speakers.
The most significant factor in the subwoofers is their ability to create loud and strong bass, and that requires a lot of power. The more powerful the subwoofer, the lower impedance it will have.
A 2-ohm subwoofer will play louder than 4 ohms with the same power, but how strong bass will be generated also depends on the enclosure type.
If you want to make a really loud bass in your car, buy a 2-ohm subwoofer and a large power station to supply enough current. However, with the impedance reduction, you also reduce the quality of the bass, so you have to prioritize either music quality or loudness.
A similar approach is for subwoofers with dual voice coils. Although you physically have one speaker, the connection with the amplifier is the same as for the two independent woofers. Depending on how you will connect it, you will determine the overall resistance of the dual voice coil subwoofer.
When you connect both 2-ohm voice coils in series, the impedance will double, and it will become one 4 ohm speaker, or when you will wire them in parallel, the impedance will be divided and will be 1 ohm.
To decide about subwoofer impedance, you have to decide which bass quality you want to achieve, and this is the starting point. If you wish to hear hi-end perfect kicks but with a moderate volume, go for a 4-ohm subwoofer.
By doing so, you can still connect several subwoofers in the car and further increase the quality of the lowest sounds.
On the other hand, if you want to create thunders in your car and make it shaking with every kick, you should consider a 2-ohm subwoofer or even 1-ohm. And for even more bass, you can connect multi subwoofers in parallel to reduce impedance and make them play even louder, but this approach is right when the decibels are the only priority.
Can I Replace 2 Ohm Speakers With 4 Ohm Speakers?
Generally, you should be fine when replacing 2-ohm speakers with 4-ohm speakers. But keep in mind that 2ohm and 4ohm speakers have different power requirements.
4-ohm car speakers usually have a lower wattage rating than 2ohm speakers because they’re less efficient at converting electricity into sound.
When replacing speakers, we are not always checking impedance carefully, and new ones can be different from old speakers.
This simple overlooking can cause damage when replacing 2-ohm speakers with 4 ohms (or vice versa) that have the same power because they can overload the amplifier. If the amp was not designed to work with lower impedance, such change could cause the amplifier to overheat, or other damages to the car audio system.
In the vice versa scenario, when we will increase the speakers’ impedance, all audible sounds will become quieter, and although you will not damage the system, this change will not make you happy.
Can I Use Car Radio to Power 2 Ohm and 4 Ohm Speakers?
You can use your car radio to power 2 ohm and 4-ohm speakers. But you should know that playing 2ohm speakers on a 4ohm amp will eat up more power than usual because 2 Ohm speakers require more power to play at the same volume as the 4-ohm speakers.
Pogosta vprašanja
How Many Ohms Are Car Speakers?
The most common car speakers are 4 ohms. However, there are also lower impedance car speakers available with either 3 ohm or 2 ohms.
We know from the Ohm law that the lower the number of ohms, the easier it is for electricity to flow through.
In other words, a 2-ohm speaker will require less power from your amplifier than a 4-ohm speaker to produce the same volume.
What Does Ohm Mean in Car Speakers?
The impedance of a car speaker is a measure of how much the speaker resists the flow of current.
A lower impedance speaker will require less power from your amplifier to produce the same volume as a higher impedance speaker.
Can You Run 4 Ohm Speakers at 2 Ohms?
Technically you can connect 4 ohm speakers to the 2 ohm amplifier, but the volume will be lower than if you connected the same 4 ohm speakers to a 4 ohm amplifier.
How to Wire 4 Ohm Speaker to 2 Ohm Amplifier?
The best way to wire 4 ohm speakers to 2 ohm amplifiers is to wire the speakers in parallel.
This will result in a 4 ohm load on the amplifier, which is the recommended load for most car amplifiers.
This method however is common only in the case of the subwoofers, unless you use two separate 4 ohm speakers per each 2ohm channel in the amplifier.
What is Better, 2 Ohm or 4 Ohm Speakers?
Some people prefer the sound of 2 ohm speakers because they tend to have more bass, while others prefer the sound of 4 ohm speakers because they tend to have more treble.
Choosing speakers of any impedance is ultimately a personal preference and also depends on the amplifier you are using.
Can I Mix 2 Ohm and 4 Ohm Speakers?
Speakers of different impedances can be mixed but not within the same pair of channels.
For example, you cannot connect a 2 ohm speaker to the left channel and 4 ohm to the right channel.
This is the same logic as for the car wheels. You do not put different wheels on the same shaft.
It is however possible to use 4 ohm speakers at the front and 2 ohm speakers at the back of the car, but they have to be connected to different amplifiers.
One multichannel amplifier will not support 4 ohm and low impedance speakers playing at the same time.
If you are running 4 ohm speakers at the front of your car and 2 ohm at the back, you will need two amplifiers, one for each set of speakers.
What Does 4 Ohm Mean in Speakers?
4-ohm speakers are the most common type of speaker found in cars.
A 4-ohm speaker will require more power from the amplifier to produce the same volume as a 2-ohm speaker.